Is 80 too old to lead? Let's learn from history.

Is there such thing as being too old?

Whoever is elected as America’s next president will be, by all objective measures, an old man.

Historically, the average age of a U.S. President at their first inauguration is 55. However, in the upcoming election, both candidates would be in their 80s during their second term.

This newsletter isn’t turning into a political advertisement or focusing on the latest election news. There are plenty of more educated and passionate people to write on that subject. But, I couldn’t help but think—what can history teach us about leaders who are much older than the norm?

Were Rome’s older leaders effective in the last years of their lives? Is it common for older leaders to make poor judgment calls due to age?

We’ll look at several Roman and Greek leaders who were older than their peers. We will then discuss some key takeaways we can learn from them as we prepare for the U.S. presidential cycle.

Historical Context: Age and Leadership in Antiquity

Leadership in the ancient Roman and Greek worlds often revolved around experience, wisdom, and the respect commanded by age. Unlike today, where the average age of U.S. presidents at their first inauguration is 55, ancient leaders often ascended to power later in life.

Part of this was due to the time it took to collect a successful series of campaigns abroad and the political maneuvering it took to ascend the political ladder. Rome had a lot of political positions one could hold. In addition, it matter what part of Rome you controlled and the timing in which you were exerting your influence - but that is for another time.

In Roman times, the Senate was filled with seasoned politicians who had accumulated decades of experience. In Greece, particularly Athens, leaders like Pericles were celebrated for their mature judgment and strategic thinking, qualities honed over many years.

Societal views back then were much different from modern perceptions. Age was seen as a sign of wisdom, essential for making prudent decisions. The elderly were revered, often called upon for their counsel in times of crisis. This respect for age influenced the political landscape, making it common for older individuals to hold positions of significant power.

So, who were these respected leaders, and how did they fare in their later years?

We will analyze the lives of three prominent figures: Augustus Caesar, Pericles of Athens, and Cicero. Each of these leaders not only broke the age norms of their time but also left an indelible mark on history. Their experiences offer valuable lessons we can measure against with our upcoming vote for United States leadership.

The Enduring Legacy of Augustus Caesar

Augustus Caesar, born Gaius Octavius, may be one of the most pivotal figures in Western history. Known as the founder of the Roman Empire, his reign marked the end of the Roman Republic. But what's less discussed is how Augustus managed his later years, a period often overlooked in favor of his youthful triumphs.

In his advanced age, Augustus was still a formidable leader.

He lived to the age of 75, a remarkable feat for his time. His later years were spent consolidating his power and institutionalizing the reforms that would sustain the Roman Empire for centuries. Unlike many leaders who fade into obscurity, Augustus remained active, implementing policies and guiding Rome through its nascent imperial phase.

Strategic Wisdom in Advanced Years

As Augustus aged, his decision-making appeared to grow more judicious. He became heavily reliant on a team of advisors, including his wife Livia and his trusted general Agrippa. This delegation of authority did not signify weakness but rather an evolved understanding of governance. Augustus recognized the importance of collaboration and strategic counsel, something many modern leaders could learn from.

His later policies were marked by a careful balance of military prowess and diplomatic finesse. He fortified borders and established client states, creating a buffer zone that would protect Rome long after his death. These actions reflect a deep understanding of long-term strategy over short-term gains—a common pitfall for younger, more impulsive leaders.

Key Takeaways From Augustus

What can we learn from Augustus Caesar?

1. Delegation and Trust: Surrounding oneself with competent advisors can enhance decision-making, especially as one ages. Trust in a capable team can extend the reach and impact of leadership.

2. Long-term Vision: Effective leadership involves thinking beyond immediate results. Augustus' focus on sustainable policies ensured the longevity of the Roman Empire, a testament to his strategic foresight.

3. Adaptability: Aging leaders must adapt their strategies and governance styles to remain effective. Augustus evolved from a youthful conqueror to a seasoned statesman, demonstrating that adaptability is crucial for enduring success.

Augustus Caesar's later years were by no means a period of decline. Instead, they were characterized by a mature, effective leadership style that ensured the stability and prosperity of Rome long after his passing. His story serves as a powerful reminder that age need not diminish the effectiveness of a leader—instead, it can bring wisdom and a deeper, more nuanced approach to governance.

Pericles of Athens

The Statesman of a Golden Age

Pericles, the influential statesman of Athens, is often celebrated as the architect behind Athens' golden age. Born in 495 BC, he became a prominent political figure by his mid-30s. However, it was his later years, especially during the Peloponnesian War, that truly tested his leadership.

Despite facing plagues, wars, and political strife, Pericles remained a steadfast leader until his death at the age of 66. His resilience and strategic mind were instrumental in shaping Athenian democracy and culture.

Wisdom and Woe: Decision-Making in His Later Years

In his later years, Pericles demonstrated remarkable foresight and strategic acumen. His decision to focus on naval power rather than land battles showcased his understanding of Athens' strengths. This strategy, though initially controversial, ultimately fortified Athens against its more powerful adversaries.

However, not all of Pericles' decisions were beyond reproach. The decision to move the entire population within the city walls during the Peloponnesian War led to a devastating plague that claimed countless lives, including his own family members. Critics argue that this marked a significant lapse in judgment, possibly influenced by his advanced age and the pressures of prolonged leadership.

Modern Leadership Lessons

1. Leveraging Experience: Pericles' vast experience allowed him to craft long-term strategies that leveraged Athens' naval superiority, proving that seasoned leaders can offer invaluable insights.

2. Adapting to Circumstances: His ability to adapt and pivot strategies in response to evolving threats remains a crucial lesson for today's leaders. Flexibility in decision-making is key.

3. Balancing Risks: While his later decision to concentrate the Athenian population within city walls was disastrous, it underscores the importance of balancing innovative strategies with potential risks—a vital consideration for modern leaders.

Pericles' legacy is a testament to the profound impact that experienced, albeit older, leaders can have on their nations, offering both cautionary tales and invaluable guidance for the leaders of today and tomorrow.

Cicero

The Silver Tongue of Rome: Cicero's Later Years

Marcus Tullius Cicero, often hailed as one of Rome's greatest orators and statesmen, had a life that was nothing short of extraordinary. Born in 106 BCE, Cicero's golden years were marked by his unwavering commitment to the Republic and his tireless efforts to balance Rome's choatic political landscape. But what about his later years?

In his later years, Cicero faced numerous personal and political challenges. The assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE brought him back into the political arena, driven by his hope to restore the Republic. Despite being older than many of his contemporaries, Cicero's speeches and writings during this period were as compelling as ever, showcasing his enduring intellectual prowess.

Wisdom or Arrogance? Cicero's Effectiveness in Old Age

Cicero's effectiveness as a leader in his later years can be seen through several lenses. On one hand, his famous Philippics, a series of speeches condemning Mark Antony, demonstrated his still-sharp rhetorical skills. These speeches rallied the Senate and the people, proving that age had not dulled his ability to sway public opinion.

However, Cicero's judgment was not infallible. His underestimation of Antony's ambition and ruthlessness led to his downfall. Cicero misread the political climate, and his insistence on confronting Antony without sufficient support ultimately cost him his life. Was this a misstep born of age, or simply a political gamble that didn't pay off? The answer remains debatable.

Modern Leadership Lessons from Cicero

What can today's leaders learn from Cicero's later years?

1. Experience is Invaluable: Cicero's life experience and deep understanding of Roman politics allowed him to navigate complex situations and make influential arguments, even in his older years.

2. Adaptability is Key: While experience is crucial, the ability to adapt to new political realities cannot be overlooked. Cicero's failure to fully grasp the shifting power dynamics of his time serves as a cautionary tale.

3. Legacy Matters: Despite his tragic end, Cicero's legacy as a defender of the Republic and a master orator endures. Leaders today can learn the importance of maintaining integrity and fighting for one's principles, regardless of age.

In conclusion, Cicero's later years offer a nuanced view of leadership in old age. His enduring influence showcases the power of experience and wisdom, while his misjudgments remind us of the ever-present need for adaptability and awareness in leadership.

Comparing Ancient and Modern Leaders

Timeless Wisdom: Lessons from Antiquity's Elders

What can we learn from the older leaders of ancient Rome and Greece?

Let's look at the common traits that defined these notable figures and see how they stack up against today's political landscape.

Common Traits of Older Historical Leaders

First, older leaders in antiquity often held a wealth of experience and a lifetime of wisdom. Their years were spent navigating the intricate webs of politics, warfare, and diplomacy.

Second, many of these leaders possessed an unparalleled resilience. They had weathered numerous storms, both literal and figurative, which fortified their resolve. For instance, Augustus Caesar's later years were marked by his ability to stabilize a fractious Roman Empire, leveraging decades of political practice.

Finally, older leaders frequently exhibited a deep sense of legacy. Their decisions were not just for the immediate future but for the generations to come. This was particularly evident in the policies of Pericles of Athens, who initiated long-term projects like the Parthenon, ensuring his legacy endured.

Modern Parallels: U.S. Presidential Candidates

Now, let's pivot to the present. The forthcoming U.S. presidential election features candidates who, by historical standards, are significantly older than the norm. Both individuals are vying for leadership roles in their 80s, a notable departure from the average inauguration age of 55.

What parallels can we draw?

Like their ancient counterparts, these candidates carry extensive political experience.

Joe Biden has a more traditional track record of political service. But make no mistake, Donald Trump has been dealing with politicians his entire life. Both leaders understand our political system, how alliances work and what it takes to affect change.

Resilience also plays a pivotal role. Surviving the relentless scrutiny and pressures of modern politics requires a certain fortitude, much like the seasoned leaders of antiquity. You don’t have to look hard to find political and social scandals in antiquity. The same challenges our nation’s leaders are experienced are not uncommon for their historical counterparts.

However, the question of effectiveness remains. Does age diminish a leader's capacity for sound judgment and innovation, or does it enhance their decision-making through accumulated wisdom?

The Impact of Age on Leadership Effectiveness

The historical record offers a mixed verdict. Some older leaders made profound contributions in their later years, while others succumbed to the frailties of age, leading to misguided decisions. If you want a good example. Research Emperor Galba. He ruled in his late 60s and his decision making was always in question - which led to his assassination after a short rule.

In modern terms, cognitive decline and physical health are valid concerns. Yet, the wisdom garnered from years of public service cannot be dismissed lightly.

The key takeaway? Age alone is not a definitive indicator of leadership prowess. It is the combination of experience, resilience, and foresight that truly defines an effective leader, regardless of the era.

As we approach this unique electoral cycle, reflecting on these historical lessons may provide valuable insights into the potential strengths and weaknesses of our future leaders.

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